Historic Basis for the New Developments in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) - Clinical Surgery Journal (ISSN 2767-0023)

Background: In 1956, there was an attempt to unify a group of diverse patients with symptoms in the shoulder and upper extremity who presented with pain, numbness, tingling, and swelling under the umbrella of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS). Since that publication, the TOS has been associated with a number of controversies. These have included confusion about the actual pathophysiology of the disease, the appropriate diagnostic tests, and the appropriate therapeutic interventions. In the six dec

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